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1. 国际化文本翻译

我们写app希望可以适应本地化需求,也就是当换一种语言的时候可以自动转成翻译好的对应文本.我们当然可以每个语言些一个版本,代码相同只是修改其中的文本.

一个简单的解决方案是使用一个函数包裹字符串,让函数负责找到对应翻译.比如

 spanishStrings = {'Hello world!': 'Hola Mundo!'} frenchStrings = {'Hello world!': 'Bonjour le monde!'} germanStrings = {'Hello world!': 'Hallo Welt!'}

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s)

LANGUAGE = 'French' print(trans("Hello world!"))

Bonjour le monde!

但是很明显,一旦文本量变大了就会无法管理了~

Python提供了gettext模块用于解决这类问题

1.1. gettext的使用

创建国际化文档的文件夹目录

----|     |-src-|           |-locale-|                    |-en-|                    |    |-LC_MESSAGES                    |                    |-cn-|                    |    |-LC_MESSAGES                    |                    |-fr-|                         |-LC_MESSAGES

gettext初始化

使用脚本工具pygettext初始化gettext设置(如果安装的python中没有的话可以来这里下载)

!src/pygettext.py -p src/

  File "src/pygettext.py", line 516     except getopt.error, msg:                        ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax

!cat src/messages.pot

# SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2016-12-08 20:34+CST\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <[email protected]>\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING\n" "Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"

我们修改它的

"Content-Type: text/plain; charset=CHARSET\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: ENCODING\n"

两个字段,并为其添加要翻译的内容

%%writefile src/transfor.pot  # SOME DESCRIPTIVE TITLE. # Copyright (C) YEAR ORGANIZATION # FIRST AUTHOR <EMAIL@ADDRESS>, YEAR. # msgid "" msgstr "" "Project-Id-Version: PACKAGE VERSION\n" "POT-Creation-Date: 2016-12-08 20:34+CST\n" "PO-Revision-Date: YEAR-MO-DA HO:MI+ZONE\n" "Last-Translator: FULL NAME <EMAIL@ADDRESS>\n" "Language-Team: LANGUAGE <[email protected]>\n" "MIME-Version: 1.0\n" "Content-Type: text/plain; charset=gb2312\n" "Content-Transfer-Encoding: utf-8\n" "Generated-By: pygettext.py 1.5\n"   msgid "hello" msgstr ""  msgid "Python now" msgstr ""

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 0

接着我们就可以使用poedit来逐条翻译了这边有一个基本教程操作

我们用poedit为写一份中文的翻译,放在locale/cn/LC_MESSAGES中,其中包含两份文件,zh_CN.po和zh_CN.mo,同样的也弄一份英文的

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 1

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 2

注册国际化文本

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 3

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 4

其中:

gettext_te.py是要翻译模块或app名
./locale是存放翻译文件的路径,
languages参数指定要使用的语言存放的子目录,这里cn表示使用./locale/cn/LC_MESSAGES/路径下的翻译文件.

这样我们就有了一个_()方法来翻译文本

编辑主模块

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 5

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 6

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 7

def trans(s):     if LANGUAGE == 'English':         return s     if LANGUAGE == 'Spanish':         return spanishStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'French':         return frenchStrings.get(s)     if LANGUAGE == 'German':         return germanStrings.get(s) 8